Endoscopes: evaluation and selection of preparations for treatment
When solving complex clinical problems related to the effective processing of endoscopic equipment, the following conditions must be met: - Thorough mechanical cleaning - Effective disinfection - Equipment safety - Safety of medical personnel and patients. Today, agents that provide both disinfection and cleaning effects are widely used. However, experience shows that when dealing with endoscopic and other complex equipment made of various materials, it is advisable to separate these two processes. Only the use of a separate agent for removing protein, fat, medicinal, and mechanical contaminants ensures complete cleaning. This ensures both effective subsequent disinfection and the safety of expensive equipment. Such agents are typically used with products of various chemical types. We, in particular, used a product whose cleaning effect is provided by non-aggressive surfactants. Using this product to clean extremely dirty endoscopic equipment, we noted a pronounced cleaning and cleaning effect (the product removed even stubborn contaminants). Its advantages include low toxicity, hypoallergenicity, and odorlessness. Furthermore, the product did not damage endoscopes or their instruments and was easily rinsed with water. When selecting agents for the primary disinfection process, we settled on aldehydes, specifically glutaraldehyde. Incidentally, it is recommended by endoscope manufacturers. Glutaraldehyde is not only active against all types of microorganisms, including spores, but is also the safest option for preserving complex endoscopic equipment. However, since aldehydes are quite toxic, it is essential to strictly follow all instructions when working with them (including using containers with tightly sealed lids). We conducted clinical trials of a product containing 2.5 percent glutaraldehyde. It is available ready-to-use, meaning no dilution is required, and can be reused, maintaining its potency for 30 days. The effectiveness of this product was assessed based on the results of bacteriological testing, which was conducted in two stages: immediately after use of the endoscopes and then after disinfection with an aldehyde-containing solution. Staphylococci, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other pseudomonads, as well as streptococci—the bacteria most often causing infectious complications—were detected on the used endoscopes (duodenoscopes) and their instruments. After using a special mechanical cleaning solution and an aldehyde-containing disinfectant, no traces of bacteria were detected. Disinfection was 100% effective. It should be noted that the second most important factor—ensuring the safety of the equipment being treated—is important not only from an economic perspective but also from a medical one: microcracks and other damage can harbor microorganisms that are inaccessible to the disinfectant. Therefore, when reading the instructions for an unknown product, be sure to read the safety information for all instruments. Disinfection and mechanical (pre-sterilization) cleaning, carried out in strict accordance with the regulations, guarantee the safety of not only the patient but also the medical staff. It is no coincidence that all medical staff actions are regulated. One of the most important instructions prescribes the mandatory use of rubber gloves (as well as other personal protective equipment). All stages of endoscope reprocessing are carried out with equal precision. Remember to completely immerse the endoscope in the solution, as well as thoroughly fill all channels, cavities, and flexible hoses using the appropriate equipment. Our many years of experience show that only those products that undergo quality control at the manufacturer at all stages—from raw materials to finished product storage—fully meet modern requirements for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning, and sterilization products. Another criterion for high quality is the availability of expert evaluations of the product by various independent specialized institutions.