Aesthetic correction of post-traumatic deformation of the external nose
Aesthetic correction of post-traumatic deformation of the external nose
A.A. Blotsky, E.O. Zhukova, Amur State Medical Academy, Blagoveshchensk. Traumatic injury to the external nasal pyramid inevitably results in a significant cosmetic defect and impaired nasal function. Approximately 80% of all external nasal deformities are traumatic in origin. Restoring the aesthetic proportions and function of the external nose remains a pressing issue in rhinology. Reconstructive rhinoplasty continues to develop new methods for correcting deformities of the osteochondral structures of the external nose, as well as to identify new plastic materials and methods for their fixation. After comparatively evaluating various methods of donor tissue procurement and preservation, we concluded that the use of frozen-preserved bone and cartilage allografts in reconstructive surgeries is most appropriate. Preoperatively, all patients undergoing external nasal pyramid reconstruction underwent facial photographs in two projections, which subsequently served as an objective criterion for the success of the surgery. To correct complex post-traumatic deformities of the external nose and nasal septum, the ENT department of the Amur Regional Clinical Hospital performs reconstructive surgeries with laser fixation of implanted grafts. We observed 32 patients aged 18 to 45 years. Men accounted for 78% of the patients, and women 22%. Ninety-eight percent of all deformities for which reconstructive surgeries were performed were traumatic in origin. The most technically challenging procedure was the correction of the saddle-shaped deformity of the external nose, combined with a deviated nasal septum. The surgery involved several simultaneous stages. The first stage involved submucosal resection of the nasal septum with simultaneous restoration of the lost osteochondral structures using flat bone from the cranial vault of a human fetus. This ensured the stability of the mucosa, prevented its flotation, and served as the foundation for the subsequent correction of the saddle-shaped deformity. A bone graft, inserted between the layers of the mucosa and the perichondrium of the nasal septum, was fixed to the remaining osteochondral framework of the nasal septum using continuous contact radiation from an ATKUS-15 high-energy semiconductor laser along its anterior semicircle with an output power of 8 W. The second stage involved, if necessary, bloody repositioning of the external nasal bones, restoring them to their correct position, and reconstructing the external nasal dorsum. To correct the saddle-shaped deformity, a graft of tubular bone from a human fetus was used, which was inserted into a soft tissue tunnel of the external nasal dorsum. The upper end of the graft was placed in a pre-prepared periosteal pocket above the nasal bones. The lower end of the graft at the tip of the nose was placed on a tubular bone support. To prevent displacement of the grafts relative to each other during the postoperative period, we fixed them together using contact laser radiation in a continuous mode with the laser output power. Silk sutures were applied to the skin of the mobile portion of the nasal septum; these were removed 6-7 days after surgery. Good cosmetic and functional results were achieved in all patients. Thus, the use of a high-energy laser allowed for graft fixation and ensured good structural function of the external nose. Based on clinical, biochemical, immunological, and radiographic studies, it can be concluded that the grafts used, exposed to laser radiation, did not cause immunological incompatibility between the donor and recipient tissues.

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