Fetoscopy is a direct examination of the fetus in the uterus and the study of hereditary and congenital malformations by examining fetal blood, skin, and amniotic fluid. Fetoscopy is performed in the operating room due to the complexity and trauma of the procedure. The path to the fetus is through the anterior abdominal wall and the uterine wall. An endoscopic fetoscopy kit includes a rigid endoscope [https://eleps.ru/katalog/po-vidam-produktsii-optika/] of a small (2 mm) diameter (biopsy endoscopes of a different design, no more than 4–5 mm in diameter, can be used), a light source, long needles, biopsy forceps, etc. Fetoscopy also requires standard surgical instruments: a scalpel, syringes, needles, and suture material. It is believed that fetoscopy should be preceded by an ultrasound scan (echography) of the uterus to determine the location of the placenta, umbilical cord, torso, and small parts of the fetus. Indications for fetoscopy include suspected fetal malformations based on ultrasound data and an unfavorable medical history, such as the birth of children with congenital pathologies. Contraindications to fetoscopy include a risk of miscarriage, early (up to 16 weeks) and late (after 20 weeks) pregnancy, when there is oligohydramnios or the fetus occupies most of the uterine cavity. Preparation. Local anesthesia is the method of choice, but general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia are also available. An ultrasound scan is performed to determine the location of the placenta and fetus. If the placenta is located on the posterior wall of the uterus, the endoscope is inserted through the anterior wall at the location of small fetal parts. If the placenta is on the anterior wall, the endoscope is inserted through its thin peripheral edge or through the anterior vaginal fornix. Based on the ultrasound results, the puncture site of the anterior abdominal wall and endoscope insertion are selected. The skin is prepared, an incision is made, and a trocar is inserted [https://eleps.ru/katalog/po-vidam-produktsii-instrumenty-laparo-torakoskopiya-instrumenty-dostupa-troakary-kanyuli-torakoporty-igly-/] into the uterine cavity. The trocar stylet is removed, a sample of amniotic fluid is obtained for examination, and an endoscope is inserted. During examination of the fetus, developmental abnormalities of the facial part of the skull, limbs, and spine; anencephaly, hydrocephalus, and other defects can be detected. During examination of the placenta, a puncture is performed, and placental tissue and blood from the umbilical cord vessels are collected for examination. The skin is biopsied and subjected to various examinations. Fetoscopy is completed by removing the instruments from the uterus and suturing the skin wound. The pregnant woman and fetus are monitored for 24–48 hours. Complications such as premature birth, bleeding, leakage of amniotic fluid, infection, and hematomas are possible, but rare during fetoscopy.