Therapeutic endoscopy for bleeding from malignant gastric tumors
Therapeutic endoscopy for bleeding from malignant gastric tumors
Kharaberyush V.A., Smirnov N.L., Radenko E.E. Donetsk The aim of the work was to study the efficiency of endoscopic therapeutic manipulations aimed at achieving temporary or final hemostasis in patients with acute bleeding malignant tumors of the stomach. Gastric cancer, which served as a source of bleeding, was in 101 patients admitted urgently with the clinical picture of acute bleeding into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. With damage to the cardiac part of the stomach, there were 20 patients (19.8%), 61 people (60.4%) - the body of the stomach, the antral part was affected in 14 cases (13.9%), total damage of the stomach was observed in 6 patients (5.9%). Infiltrative-ulcerative forms of cancer prevailed - 77 observations (76.2%). The method of endoscopic hemostasis did not depend on the localization and form of the neoplasm. In malignant tumors, preference was given to the least traumatic (superficial) methods of bleeding control. This is due to the fact that, as a rule, it is necessary to treat a fairly large bleeding surface of the tumor. In our practice, we used ethanol treatment of the bleeding surface, irrigation with hemostatic agents (etamsylate, adroxone), applications of film-forming agents (Lifuzol, Statizol, Gastrozol), and applied hydrodiathermocoagulation and cryocoagulation. Subsequent patient management tactics included therapeutic and control endoscopies every 6-12 hours until endoscopic signs of stable hemostasis appeared. We did not use injection hemostasis or vasoconstrictors. This is due to the high fragility of the tumor tissue, as well as the impaired sensitivity of the defective vessels of the tumor to vasoactive agents. Results and discussion. Ethanol and film-forming agents were used to achieve primary hemostasis in 85 patients (84.3%). Recurrent bleeding occurred in 20 patients (23.5%). In 2 cases (10%), hemorrhage was accompanied by decompensated hemorrhagic shock, which resulted in death. In 5 patients (25%), repeated use of ethanol and film-forming agents was sufficient to stop recurrent bleeding; successful hydrodiathermocoagulation of the bleeding source was performed in 4 patients (20%); 9 people (45%) underwent surgery. On admission, hydrodiathermocoagulation to stop bleeding was used in 11 cases (10.9%). Recurrent bleeding occurred in 2 patients (18.2%). To achieve hemostasis, irrigation with hemostatic drugs, ethanol, and film-forming agents was used in one case, and repeated hydrodiathermocoagulation of the tumor was used in the other. Cryocoagulation of the hemorrhage source with ethyl chloride during primary endoscopy was performed in 2 patients (1.9%). Recurrent bleeding was not observed. In 3 cases (2.9%), therapeutic endoscopy was not feasible due to the extremely serious condition of the patients. Overall, recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 22 patients (21.8%) in the study group. Resumption of bleeding occurred 2-5 days after the patient's admission to the hospital. Conclusions. Therapeutic endoscopy is an effective method for treating gastric bleeding of tumor etiology, allowing for stable hemostasis in most cases. The best results were obtained with the use of hydrodiathermocoagulation and cryocoagulation of the bleeding source. In many cases, a lasting positive effect is achieved by irrigating the bleeding surface with ethanol and film-forming agents.

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