Victoria Anatolyevna Shaderkina, urologist at the Severskaya Central Regional Hospital, reports that approximately 1% of children suffer from vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), according to a group of authors including Serrano Durba A, Bonillo Garcia MA, Moragues Estornell F, Dominguez Hinarejos C, Sanguesa C, Martinez Verduch M, and Garcia Ibarra F from the Urology Service, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, in the February 2006 issue of Actas Urologicas Espanolas (Actas Urol Esp 2006 Feb; 30(2):170-4). Vesicoureteral reflux may be a risk factor for the subsequent development of irreversible changes in the kidneys. Over the past decade, research in this area has demonstrated that endoscopic intramural ureteral filler injections to limit ureteral dehiscence are an alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgery in children with VUR. The aim of the present study was to identify complications of endoscopic treatment of VUR in children using a retrospective analysis. A retrospective analysis was performed for each patient treated endoscopically at the Urologia Service, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, from January 1999 to September 2003. A total of 516 filler implants were placed in the submucosal ureter. All patients underwent ultrasound imaging to identify complications associated with this technique. Complications such as ureteral obstruction and filler implant migration were emphasized. Of the 516 cases, Macroplastique was used in 455 cases, Deflux in 44 cases, and Polytef in 17 cases. Ten patients, aged 15 months to 11.4 years (five girls and five boys), experienced various complications. Macroplastique was used in eight cases, and Deflux in two cases. Complications included severe ureterohydronephrosis, which required nephrostomy in two patients. Implant migration occurred in three patients, and epididymitis occurred in one patient. In conclusion, the researchers noted that endoscopic injections of filler implants are a safe alternative to open surgery in the treatment of childhood vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).