Pelvioscopy
Pelvioscopy
Equipment and instruments For performing pelvioscopy the following is required: — endoscopic equipment — a light source [ https://eleps.ru/katalog/po-vidam-produktsii-oborudovanie-osvetiteli/ ], light guides, optical tubes [ https://eleps.ru/katalog/gisterorezektoskopiya-i-ginekologiya-optika-gisteroskopy/ ] with various arrangements of optics and an eyepiece, including operating ones (with a biopsy channel), needles, gas and air insufflators, a Janet syringe; — special instruments for diagnostic and therapeutic operations — forceps, clamps, scissors, an electric knife, an electrocoagulator, a hollow uterine probe-cap for pertubation, needles, etc .; — surgical instruments for anesthesia, skin dissection and suturing. Instruments that require electric current must either be covered with insulating material, or the trocars through which they are introduced into the abdominal cavity must be insulated. A nurse may act as a surgical nurse during pelvioscopy, so she should be familiar with the instruments and prepare them carefully. Equipment and instruments must be skillfully and rationally arranged in accordance with the nature of the upcoming operation. Equipment and instruments that are not used in the operation must be stored in cabinets in the preoperative and operating rooms so that they can be taken at any stage of the operation. Preparation, premedication, anesthesia During scheduled examinations, it is possible to take into account all general and local diseases that may in one way or another affect the patient's condition and the quality of the examination, and take measures to eliminate them. Preparation of patients for emergency examinations is short-term and includes a minimal set of interventions. Schematically, direct preparation can be represented as follows: general hygiene measures (shower, vaginal douching with antiseptics); shaving the pubic and abdominal hair; Catheterization of the bladder or only urine evacuation with a catheter; cleansing enema; premedication, including the administration of sedatives and analgesics 30-45 minutes before the examination. Local anesthesia is the method of choice, providing pain relief, patient contact, and mobility on the operating table. Technique: The examination is performed on the operating table with the patient in a horizontal position. The table should be adapted for changing positions, equipped with footrests and shoulder rests, and have fixing belts. A uterine tube is inserted into the uterine cavity. The surgical field is widely prepared, and anesthesia is administered to the points of the anterior abdominal wall through which the instruments are planned to be passed. A needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity from the left iliac fossa or a trocar is inserted directly at one of the selected points, pneumoperitoneum is created, an optical tube is passed through the trocar, and the examination is performed. At the first stage, a panoramic examination of the abdominal organs is performed, and at the second, the pelvic organs. A detailed examination, biopsy, and other interventions often require changes in the position of the table and the patient, even under pertubation. The examination concludes with the removal of gas from the abdominal cavity, removal of the needle and trocar, collection of fluid for cytological, biochemical, and other tests, placement of drains for drug infusion, and application of sutures and an aseptic dressing. Complications during pelvicoscopy can arise at various stages and are related to anesthesia, increased intra-abdominal pressure when creating pneumoperitoneum, and the various interventions performed. These include allergic reactions, cardiac (tachycardia, collapse) and pulmonary (difficulty breathing, edema, apnea) disorders, emphysema of various locations, and damage to internal organs and blood vessels.

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