Modern standards of diagnosis and treatment of various forms of rhinosinusitis

Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses (PNS), almost always caused by stagnation of secretion and impaired aeration of the PNS. The trigger for the development of rhinosinusitis is usually an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). An episode of acute sinusitis usually resolves within 2-3 weeks. Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases, which is recognized in almost all scientific works of the last decade. These studies have shown that approximately 10% of sinusitis are of odontogenic origin [1]. However, in Russia, the problem of rhinosinusitis exists only among practicing physicians and researchers, and is not featured at the state level of healthcare management due to the lack of official statistics [2]. At the same time, for example, in the USA, such issues of the epidemiology of rhinosinusitis as the dependence of the disease on the gender of patients, their place of residence and social status have been studied. According to statistics, in the USA sinusitis is more common among women than men, and among people from higher social strata [3]. This is due to regular visits to medical institutions and careful attention to their health among citizens with high incomes. Sinusitis is the leading pathology in otolaryngology both in outpatient and inpatient settings. In recent decades, the incidence of sinusitis has increased almost 3 times, and the proportion of hospitalizations increases annually by 1.5-2% [8]. On average, about 5-15% of the adult population and 5% of children suffer from one form or another of sinusitis [9]. When analyzing foreign data, the approach to the problem of rhinosinusitis in the United States turned out to be interesting, especially due to the similarity of climatic conditions in a number of territories of this country with Russia. According to the American National Health Research Bureau, rhinosinusitis is the most common chronic disease, which affects 14.7% of Americans. According to the US National Center for Disease Statistics, sinusitis has become the most common chronic disease in this country, overtaking arthritis and arterial hypertension in frequency of detection. Almost every eighth person in the United States suffers or has ever suffered from sinusitis. Therefore, the treatment of sinusitis is now one of the main problems of otolaryngology, requiring colossal financial costs [1]. In the United States, the costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis amount to 6 billion dollars per year. Along with the economic component of the problem, there is also its social aspect. Rhinosinusitis significantly reduces quality of life. Patients with rhinosinusitis have significantly worse pain sensitivity and social activity than patients with coronary insufficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Similar results have been obtained in Russia [2].